01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add the short pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. Drain thoroughly, rinse under cold running water to halt cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - If using fresh corn, grill or sear the ears on a hot skillet or grill, turning occasionally, until lightly blackened and smoky, about 5 to 7 minutes. Cut the kernels from the cobs. If using frozen corn, thaw completely and pan-sear in a hot skillet with a light drizzle of oil until golden and lightly charred.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled pasta, charred corn kernels, halved cherry tomatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño if using. Toss gently to distribute evenly.
04 - In a separate small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream or Greek yogurt, lime juice, smoked paprika, chili powder, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the prepared dressing over the pasta and vegetable mixture. Toss gently but thoroughly, ensuring every component is evenly coated.
06 - Add the crumbled cotija cheese to the dressed salad and fold in gently to incorporate without breaking the cheese into fine crumbs.
07 - Transfer the salad to a serving bowl. Scatter additional chopped cilantro over the top and arrange lime wedges around the edges. Serve chilled or at room temperature.